The idea that Jews presented an existential threat to European order became part of a broad consensus in the interwar period. By looking at the press debate on the Protocols of Elders of Zion, the murder of the Romanoff family, the Polish-Soviet war (1919-1921) and two antisemitic congresses in Warsaw 1921 and 1923, this talk will examine the impact of the transnational circulation of ideas on the early fascist imagination. In doing so, we will also ask how and to what extent a transnational and cultural approach can contribute to our understanding of fascism as a European phenomenon.